Tracing Historical Linguistic Kinship: A Lexicostatistical Study on Dayak Ngaju and Banjar Kuala Languages in Kalimantan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61672/eji.v10i1.3064Keywords:
Lexicostatistics, Dayak Ngaju, Banjar Kuala, Language KinshipAbstract
This study investigates the lexical kinship between the Dayak Ngaju and Banjar Kuala languages in Kalimantan through a lexicostatistical approach, driven by the urgent need to map and preserve under-researched Austronesian languages. The primary aim is to determine the degree of linguistic relatedness based on core vocabulary and to classify their historical relationship. Employing a quantitative descriptive design, the study analyzed 200 basic vocabulary items drawn from Lexirumah and the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database using purposive sampling. Data were processed using Microsoft Excel and analyzed through Swadesh’s lexicostatistical formula to calculate the percentage of cognates and determine the genealogical classification. The results reveal a lexical similarity of 31%, categorizing the relationship as a “stock” level of kinship according to Keraf’s classification. These findings support the hypothesis that the two languages share a historical connection, confirming systematic phonological correspondences such as apocope, apheresis, and metathesis. The study contributes to comparative historical linguistics and provides practical implications for language preservation, curriculum development, and further field-based linguistic research in Kalimantan and beyond.
References
Afria, R. A., Izar, J., Prawolo, I. S., & Arezky, B. (2020). Relasi bahasa Melayu Riau, Bugis, dan Banjar: Kajian linguistik historis komparatif. Medan Makna, 18(1), 94–102.
Ahya, A. S., Subakti, H. S., & Surotin, S. (2022). Kekerabatan bahasa Jawa Nganjuk dengan bahasa Jawa Jombang (Kajian leksikostatistik). Linguista, 6(1), 51–61.
Aisyah, S., & Widayati, D. (2022). Hubungan kekerabatan bahasa Pesisir Pasar, Kampung, dan Sorkam. Aksara, 8(3), 2367–2376.
Darman, M. (2022). Metode leksikostatistik dalam linguistik komparatif. Jurnal Bahasa dan Ilmu Budaya, 8(2), 333–343.
Erni, N., Taha, M., Febriningsih, F., Wijaya, D., & Garing, J. (2022). Bahasa Lorang, Barakai, dan Dobel di Kepulauan Aru dalam kajian leksikostatistik. Kandai, 18(1), 61–76.
Erniati, E. (2021). Klasifikasi leksikostatistik bahasa Banggoi dan Hoti di Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur. Totobuang, 9(2), 239–255.
Hakim, L. (2020). Kekerabatan bahasa Sabu dan Rote berdasarkan leksikostatistik. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, 20(1), 55–63.
Humaidi, H., & Kasmilawati, K. (2023). Teknik glotokronologi untuk penentuan usia bahasa di Indonesia Timur. Jurnal Linguistik Teoritis dan Terapan, 12(1), 63–72.
Iqbal, M., Fauzi, F., & Satria, A. (2022). Perbandingan bahasa Kaili dan Kulawi: Kajian leksikostatistik. Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 23(2), 130–139.
Jamzaroh, J. (2020). Pengantar ilmu bahasa dan klasifikasi bahasa. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 6(3), 91–98.
Kaiping, G., & Klamer, M. (2020). Lexirumah: A lexical database of lesser-known Austronesian languages. Lexirumah Project. Retrieved from https://lexirumah.model-ling.eu
Kaiping, G., Greenhill, S., & Klamer, M. (2019). Austronesian lexical data in Eastern Indonesia. Data in Linguistics, 6(3), 41–57.
Keraf, G. (1984). Linguistik bandingan historis. Nusa Indah.
Mahriyuni, M., Suryadi, & Yusniar. (2023). Lexicostatistics of Javanese and Sasak languages. Mimbar Ilmu, 28(1), 124–130.
Muhammad, R., & Hendrokumoro, S. (2022). Analisis kekerabatan bahasa Bali dan Sasak. Jurnal Bahasa, 5(1), 56–64.
Rizqi, M. A., & Widayati, D. (2021). Kekerabatan bahasa Sunda dan Baduy. Jurnal Linguistik Indonesia, 39(1), 65–73.
Salahuddin. (2023). Lexicostatistics calculation on Manggarai and Bima languages. Parole: Journal of Linguistics and Education, 13(1), 33–48.
Setiawan, E. (2020). Leksikostatistik bahasa Osing dan Jawa. Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 25(2), 145–153.
Swadesh, M. (1952). Lexico-statistics dating of prehistoric ethnic contacts. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 96(4), 452–463.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Tiara Dwi Saputri Saputri, Misrita, Imam Qalyubi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.














