AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ SPEECH ABILITY AND DIFFICULTIES IN PUBLIC SPEAKING

Speech is one of ways for students to practice their English speaking and build their self-confidence, share ideas, and express themselves to audience. Public speaking is an art of speaking in public or about a certain matter or topic orally with the goal of influencing, inviting, educating, changing opinions, giving explanations and providing information. The purpose of this research is to find out the students’ ability in speech material and to explain the students’ difficulties in public speaking. In this study, the researcher used Descriptive qualitative research method. The kind of this research was gathered through instruments of the research: observation sheet to determine types of speech and method of speech will be used while giving a speech, interview students’ difficulties and documentation. The researcher obtained the students’ ability were 71% for the fourth semester students and 70, 5% for the sixth semester students who interest in English speech. The researcher found the students’ difficulties in public speaking, based on the interview questions that have been answered based on the aspects of learning speaking are Pronunciation, Grammar, and Fluently, another difficulties are lack of self-confidence and not mastering the materials.


INTRODUCTION
Education is an important aspect in human life to develop for the better and be educated to become a useful human being for the country, homeland and nation.As in Law no.20 of 2003, the meaning of education is a conscious and planned effort to create an atmosphere of learning and the learning process, so that the students actively develop the potential to have religious spiritual strength, selfcontrol, personality, intelligence, noble character, and skills needed by themselves, the community, nation and state.In general, the purpose of education is to educate and develop potential in students.According to Umar tirtarahardja (2005:37) Education contains a description of the values that are good, noble and VOL.5.NO.1. NOVEMBER 2023E-ISSN. 2721-205X J-SHELVES OF INDRAGIRI (JSI) appropriate.With the growth of intelligence and self-potential, every student can have knowledge, creativity, physically and mentally healthy, a good personality, be independent, and become a responsible member of society.As in the Constitution on the purpose of education, according to Law no. 2 of 1985 is to educate the life of the nation and develop a complete human being that is to fear the Almighty God, to have knowledge, to be physically and mentally healthy, to have noble character, to be independent, to have a solid personality, and to be responsible for the nation, Hasbullah (2005).At school there are several subjects that are presented.One of which is a foreign language such as English.As is well known, English is one of the most important subjects in the world of education and is the standard language used in communicating between countries.
According to Bertimuliadi (2012:11) English has become the main language in communicating across countries for most of the Earth's population in various environments since several decades ago.In learning, ability is also related to learning and understanding the subject or material.
Ability is a stable character related to the maximum psychic ability of a person.Can also be interpreted as the ability of students various tasks in a job.
According to Robbins (2006:46), ability is capacity individuals to carry out various tasks in a particular job.In the world of education, English is also a very important subject.These problems become serious thing and always block the students to fluent in speaking English.Almost every student has same difficulties in speaking English, the students need new strategy or different atmosphere when learning speaking English.There are several skills that are learned, one of which is speaking skill.Speaking can be defined as speaking activity, where the speaking activity is speaking in English.So speak here is a way of issuing or expressing an opinion, a word that you want to express.According to Henry Guntur Tarigan (2018:4) states that Speaking with the aid of props will result in better information capture on the part of the listener.Through speaking or speaking activities, we can interact with the wider world community.For highly motivated students, the students usually want quick results so the students choose to go out into society or look for opportunities to speak in public using English.
VOL.5.NO.1. NOVEMBER 2023E-ISSN. 2721-205X J-SHELVES OF INDRAGIRI (JSI) Everyone is able to speak, but only some who are able to gather words into beautiful language and can attract the public to hear it.According to Brown (2001:168), there are some aspects that should be recognized in learning speaking: Pronunciation, Grammar, Vocabulary, Fluency and Comprehension.When speaking in public of course many difficulties that will arise, as for the constraints that will arise when public speaking quoted in Kompas article (2010) difficulties are lack of self-confidence, forgetting self-confidence and not mastering the materials.In this research, the researcher found that the students' speech ability and the students' difficulties in public speaking.Harmer (2007:45) stated that speaking is the ability of people to speak fluently and can delivered they are feelings to other people, the ability not only in knowledge of language features but also the people have ability to process language and information.Rudolph (2003:5) stated that Speech is speaking in front of a crowd in order to convey a problem to achieve a certain goal.Speech can also be defined as a message conveyed to an audience through words, sounds, and actions that are chosen and arranged by the speaker but understood and interpreted by each individual member or audience.Wisanggeni (2011) also stated that when a speech is delivered effectively, the message of the speech can be received well by audience.Speech is also a well-structured greeting to be conveyed to the crowd in the form of one-way communication and is used in official forums.There are several types in speech.According to Ristina, (2017:11) stated six types in speech: 1).Opening speech is a speech made briefly by the master of ceremony (MC), 2).Briefing speech is a speech that is brought by a person at an officialmeeting which functions as a direction in carrying out activities, 3).Greeting speech is a speech delivered at a certain activity that can be delivered by several people with a limited time in turn, 4).Inauguration speech is a speech carried out by an influential person to inaugurate something, 5).Speech report is speech containing reports of tasks or activities that have been completed, 6).Accountability speech is a report containing accountability.According to VOL.5.NO.1. NOVEMBER 2023E-ISSN. 2721-205X J-SHELVES OF INDRAGIRI (JSI) Jalaludin Rakhmat (2011:17) explained that there are four methods in public speaking, 1).Impromptu is a speech method that has no prior preparation, 2).Manuscripts is giving a speech by reading the text or speech manuscripts, 3).Memoriter is a method of making a speech by memorizing the speech script first, 4).Extemporaneousness is the method of speech by preparing an outline of the concept of the speech to be delivered.This speech is the best type of speech and is most often used by advanced speeches.Lucas (2006:9) stated that public speaking can produce something different or make changes to the world in a simple way, is speaking.Public speaking can be defined as the process of taking to a group of people with the aim of providing information.The more you learn about public speaking and the more speeches you give.In good public speaking skills, students must know the obstacles that cause difficulties in public speaking.According to Brown (2001:168) stated that there are some aspects that should be recognized in learning speaking: pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension.

RESEARCH METHOD
This research was a descriptive analysis methods.The purpose of this research was to know the students' speech ability in public speaking and the students' difficulties in public speaking at STKIP Insan Madani Airmolek.This research was conducted at English Study Program students.The participant in this study were fourth and sixth semester students at STKIP Insan Madani Airmolek.There are three instruments in this research: observation, documentation and interview.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
To know the students' speech ability in public speaking and the students' The ability of the students speech in public speaking of the fourth and sixth semester at STKIP Insan Madani Airmolek In the observation section, the researcher gave students choices in the form of types of speech and speech methods that would be used when giving a speech.
There are four types of speeches presented, namely Opening speech, a speech that is delivered for the opening of a formal event.Greeting speech, a formal speech that aims to provide an explanation or description of a thing or express an opinion on the main points discussed in a meeting.Inauguration speech a speech made by an influential person to make something official and Briefing speech, a speech that is delivered by someone at an official meeting that serves as a direction in carrying out activities.The method consists of 4 parts as well, namely impromptu, a method of giving speech that there is no prior preparation.Manuscript, make a speech by reading the text or speech script.Memoriter was the method of giving a speech by memorizing the speech script first.Ekstemporan was the speech method by first preparing the outlines of the speech concept to be delivered.This speech is the best type of speech and is most often used by advanced oratories.In this situation, the researcher got the observation sheet based on the indicators of public speaking to know the students' speech ability.The result ofthe fourth semester students are 4 students who have chosen the opening speech, 2 students have chosen the greeting speech, 2 students have chosen the inauguration and 2 other students have chosen the briefing speech.As for the method, all students choose a manuscript.The results of sixth semester students are 2 students who have chosen the opening speech, 2 students have chosen the greeting speech, 3 students have chosen the inauguration speech and 3 others have chosen the briefing speech.For the method used, all students have chosen the manuscript.
While based on the observation, the researcher gave twice meetings that have been held.Students made a speech based on the provisions of the types of speech, speech method and the title of the speech that has been determined.The students were asked to take the observation that the researcher had given.The researcher got the result of the datacan be seen on the table below: Fourth semester students (First meeting):

Total score 740
In the first meeting, it can be seen that the ability of the fourth semester students in speech from the 10 samples of the research, there was 1 student who have scored 85 that being the highest score.There were 2 students who have

Total score 680
In the second meeting, the researcher gave a test in the form of speech too but with different title.From the 10 samples of the research, there was 1 student who has scored 80 that being the highest score.There was 1 student who has scored 75, There were 3 students who have scored 70, 3 students have scored 65 and 2 students have scored 60.The researcher found that the students' speech ability in public speaking of the fourth semester at STKIP Insan Madani Airmolek was in the average value of 60 to 70.Only 1 student got an excellent score with a score 80.It can be seen from the result of the fourth semester student score above.
Sixth semester students (First meeting):

Total score 720
In the first meeting, it can be seen that the ability of sixth semester students in speech from the 10 samples of the research, there was 1 student who have scored 90 that being the highest score, there was 1 student who have scored 85, there were 2 students who have scored 80, there were 2 students who have scored 75, there was 1 student who have scored 65, there was 1 student who have scored 60 and 2 students have scored 55.The researcher found that the students' speech ability in public speaking of the sixth semester at STKIP Insan Madani Airmolek in the first meeting was in the average value of 55 to 90.
Sixth semester students (Second meeting): difficulties in public speaking of the fourth and sixth semester at STKIP Insan Madani Airmolek.The researcher gave three data presentations are the observation to determine what type and method of speech will be used when giving a speech, interview to know the students speech difficulties in public speaking and documentation.The researcher had done the research and had gotten the complete data from all the research instruments.The researcher has conducted the research through the techniques of collecting data as stated in the research method.The findings of this research were taken from the instrument (observation,interview and documentation.To gain the objectives of the research the researcher had analyzed the data systematically and accurately.Then the data was analyzed in order to draw conclusion about the objective of the study.To show the result of the research clearly, those findings are categorized of the data and the problem as follows:

Table 1 Result of the students' data
There were 3 students who have scored 75, 2 students have scored 70 and 2 students have scored 65 that being the lowest score.

Table 4 Result of the students' data
In the second meeting, the researcher gave a test in the form of speech too but with different title.From the 10 samples of the research, there was 1 student who has scored 85 that being the highest score, there was 1 student who has scored 80, there were 3 students who have scored 75, there were 2 students who have scored 70, there was 1 student who have scored 65 and 2 students have scored 50.The researcher found that the students' speech ability in public speaking of the sixth semester at STKIP Insan Madani Airmolek in the second meeting was in the average value of 50 to 85.

The factors that influence the fourth and sixth semester students' speech difficulties in public speaking based on indicators of public speakingat STKIP Insan Madani Airmolek The
interviews' question about the factors that influence the students speech difficulties in public speaking based on indicators of public speaking.This result is based on interview sheets that had given to the fourth and sixth semester students at STKIP Insan Madani Airmolek.